Off-Design, Iced, and Actively Forced Wings
This research examines wing behavior in conditions where baseline aerodynamic assumptions no longer hold. The work spans ice-accreted airfoils, actively blown wings, and dynamically pitching delta wings with leading-edge-vortex control, all of which push the flow into regimes shaped by separation, contamination, actuation, or rapid motion. Rather than treating these cases as minor perturbations of a clean wing, the studies show that off-design conditions reorganize the flow in fundamental ways, changing coherent structures, wake development, vortex stability, and the relationship between geometry and performance.
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