Research Category

Gust Encounters and Closed-Loop Aerodynamic Control

This research investigates how aerodynamic systems respond to unsteady inflow and how sensing and feedback can be used to shape that response. The work spans gust encounters on propellers, lift regulation, powered-wing response, and closed-loop mitigation strategies aimed at improving predictability in disturbed flow environments. Taken together, these studies connect unsteady aerodynamics with control, actuation, and system-level resilience.

Infographic

Research category infographic

Generated infographic for this full research category. Click the image to open the full-size PNG.

Category Infographic infographic

Category Infographic

Research Directions

Focused lines of work within this area

Each subcategory offers a more focused view of the questions, methods, and applications that shape this broader research area.

Gust Encounters on Propellers

Research in this area examines how propellers respond when the incoming flow is no longer steady, especially in the forward-flight and edgewise-flight conditions that are increasingly relevant to UAVs, air taxis, and other distributed-propulsion systems. The work studies sinusoidal streamwise gusts, changes in rotor incidence angle, and tandem propeller arrangements to understand how thrust, power, and pitching response evolve when a propeller must operate inside a time-varying aerodynamic environment rather than a fixed one. A central result is that propeller gust response is shaped not only by the disturbance itself, but also by rotor orientation and by wake interaction between neighboring propellers.

3 papers
Open Subcategory

Lift Regulation and Closed-Loop Gust Mitigation

This research explores how aerodynamic loading can be actively regulated in real time when a wing is operating in strongly unsteady conditions. The work begins with closed-loop lift tracking on pitching lifting surfaces and extends into the direct mitigation of periodic and discrete vortical gust encounters using feedback control. Rather than assuming that the flow must first be modeled perfectly before control becomes possible, the studies show that force sensing, actuation, and carefully tuned controllers can be used to command meaningful lift behavior even when the flow is separated, rapidly changing, or dominated by evolving vortical structures.

7 papers
Open Subcategory

Powered-Wing and Airfoil Gust Response

Research in this area investigates how a wing responds to gusts when propulsion is integrated directly into the lifting system. The work studies powered wings subjected to periodic and streamwise gusts over a range of reduced frequencies, propeller locations, and angles of attack, with attention to how lift and pitching moment differ from the unpowered case. A key theme is that propulsion does more than add thrust: it changes the local flow around the wing, alters separation behavior, and reshapes the way the aerodynamic system experiences unsteady inflow.

2 papers
Open Subcategory
Contributors

Students who contributed to this work

Students connected to the publications and projects represented on this page.

Publications

Research publications in this area

Publication entries include citation details and student contributors where available.

Sinusoidal Gust Response of RC Propellers at Different Incidence Angles

Students
Citation
  • Cai, Jielong, Sidaard Gunasekaran, and Michael V. Ol. "Sinusoidal Gust Response of RC Propellers at Different Incidence Angles." In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum, p. 1536. 2022. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1536

Sinusoidalgustresponseofrcpropellersintandemconfigurationfinalv3

Students

Student contributors are listed where available.

Citation
  • Sinusoidalgustresponseofrcpropellersintandemconfigurationfinalv3. 2023.

Wind 03 00015 V2

Students

Student contributors are listed where available.

Citation
  • Wind 03 00015 V2. 2023.

Periodic Vortical Gust Encounter and Mitigation Using Closed Loop Control

Students
Citation
  • Killian, Andrew, Sidaard Gunasekaran, Michael P. Mongin, and Albert Medina. "Periodic Vortical Gust Encounter and Mitigation Using Closed Loop Control." In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, p. 2477. 2023. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2477

High Amplitude Lift Tracking Using Closed-Loop Feedback and Control

Students
Citation
  • Mongin, Michael P., Sidaard Gunasekaran, Albert Medina, Raul Ordonez, and Andrew Killian. "High Amplitude Lift Tracking Using Closed-Loop Feedback and Control." In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum, p. 0046. 2022. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0046

High Amplitude Lift Tracking Using Closed-Loop Feedback and Control; A Flow Analysis

Students
Citation
  • Mongin, Michael P., Albert Medina, Andrew Killian, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. "High Amplitude Lift Tracking Using Closed-Loop Feedback and Control; A Flow Analysis." In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, p. 2476. 2023. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2476

Lift Regulation Using Closed-Loop Feedback and Control

Students
Citation
  • Mongin, Michael P., and Sidaard Gunasekaran. "Lift Regulation Using Closed-Loop Feedback and Control." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum, p. 2000. 2021. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2000

Powered Wing Response To Periodic Gust Encounters

Students

Student contributors are listed where available.

Citation
  • Powered Wing Response To Periodic Gust Encounters. 2023.

Powered Wing's Response to Streamwise Gust Encounters

Students
Citation
  • Duncan, Lucas, Jielong Cai, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. "Powered Wing's Response to Streamwise Gust Encounters." In AIAA 2023 Region III Student Conference, Dayton, OH https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-71287
  • Duncan, Lucas, Jielong Cai, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. "Powered Wing's Response to Streamwise Gust Encounters." In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum, p. 0077. 2024. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0077
  • Duncan, Lucas, Jielong Cai, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. "Powered Wing's Response to Streamwise Gust Encounters." In AIAA 2023 Region III Student Conference, Dayton, OH https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-7170471287